Bile salts in urine is a qualitative screening test used to detect the presence of bile components that normally remain within the hepatobiliary system and intestine. Under healthy conditions, bile salts are secreted by the liver into bile, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the intestine to aid fat digestion. They are not normally present in urine. Their appearance in urine indicates a disturbance in bile flow, most commonly due to obstructive jaundice, cholestasis, or significant liver dysfunction.
This test is especially useful in the evaluation of jaundice, helping clinicians differentiate between hepatocellular causes and post-hepatic obstruction. When bile excretion into the intestine is blocked, bile salts reflux into the bloodstream and are filtered by the kidneys, appearing in urine. Detecting bile salts in urine therefore provides supportive evidence of impaired bile drainage and hepatobiliary pathology.
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