Bile pigment in urine refers to the detection of conjugated bilirubin (a bile pigment) in urine, which is not normally present under healthy conditions. Bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin and is processed in the liver, where it becomes water-soluble (conjugated) and is excreted into bile and then the intestine. When the normal flow of bile is disturbed—due to hepatocellular injury, cholestasis, or bile duct obstruction—conjugated bilirubin can regurgitate into the bloodstream and be filtered by the kidneys, appearing in urine.
This test is an important part of jaundice evaluation and helps clinicians distinguish between hepatic/post-hepatic causes and pre-hepatic causes (where urine bilirubin is typically absent). The presence of bile pigment in urine often correlates with dark yellow or tea-colored urine and supports the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease.
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- Electrolytes / Acid-Base Analysis
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