Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) is a crucial coagulation screening test that evaluates the integrity and efficiency of the intrinsic and common pathways of the blood clotting cascade. It measures the time, in seconds, required for plasma to form a fibrin clot after the addition of specific reagents including an activator, phospholipid, and calcium. APTT is widely used to assess bleeding disorders, monitor anticoagulant therapy (especially unfractionated heparin), and detect deficiencies of clotting factors such as Factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII.
This test plays an essential role in diagnosing hereditary bleeding disorders like Hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency) and Hemophilia B (Factor IX deficiency), as well as acquired conditions such as liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and the presence of lupus anticoagulant. Prolongation of APTT indicates a delay in clot formation and suggests abnormalities in the clotting mechanism, whereas a shortened APTT may be seen in hypercoagulable states.
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